How can misconfigured VLANs affect network security?

Misconfigured VLANs can indeed allow unauthorized access to sensitive data, making this choice the correct answer. When VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks) are improperly configured, they can unintentionally permit devices from different VLANs, which are supposed to be isolated, to communicate with one another. This lack of isolation can expose sensitive data or resources to users who should not have access to them, thereby compromising network security.

In a properly configured VLAN setup, each VLAN is designed to contain a specific group of devices and restricts communications between them based on security policies. When VLAN configurations are flawed, such as incorrect VLAN tagging or forgetting to implement proper ACLs (Access Control Lists), it can lead to situations where unauthorized users or devices gain access to sensitive data that exists on another VLAN. This scenario can occur in environments where sensitive information is present, such as in financial, healthcare, or similar sectors.

The other options do not directly relate to the security implications of misconfigured VLANs. Enhancements to network performance, decreases in network traffic, or simplification of configuration processes do not address the critical aspect of unauthorized access and security vulnerabilities that arise from misconfiguration. Therefore, understanding the implications of misconfigured VLANs on security is essential for maintaining a secure network environment