What does the "5-4-3 rule" refer to in network design?

The "5-4-3 rule" is a principle in network design that specifically outlines the limitations on the number of network segments and repeaters in an Ethernet network configuration. The rule states that for a network segment to function efficiently, there can be a maximum of five total segments, with no more than four repeaters connecting them, in order to maintain signal integrity and performance.

This is crucial because as signals travel over cabling, they experience attenuation or weakening, which can lead to data loss and increased collision rates if the number of segments and repeaters exceeds these limits. Adhering to the 5-4-3 rule helps network designers create layouts that optimize performance and reliability, thus ensuring that devices can communicate effectively without excessive delays or errors.

The other options do not align with the specific criteria of the 5-4-3 rule in the context of network design, illustrating how segmentation and repeaters play a critical role in maintaining a robust network.